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The camera and flash manuals are incredibly good resources (except the Pentax flash manuals have poorly arranged information), so they would be your first port of call to understand how those functions work and when to use them.
If the terminology is difficult to understand, you may not necessarily need books to tell you about them, some of the photography sites online can be searched for these terms and provide an explanation that will at least help you know what they do.
Like high speed sync, which enables you to use flash when you want your shutter speed to be faster than the camera's set flash sync speed, typically 1/160 sec. And second curtain sync (which I presume you mean by trailing shutter) is useful for when you need to use flash to capture a moving object with a sense of motion in the shot. By having the flash fire right at the end of the exposure the appearance of the object will be as if it is streaking forward rather than backward (which would happen with first curtain sync, the standard flash mode).
I may be explaining these terms poorly, but if they still baffle you there are numerous books aimed at beginners in digital photography which you can find at most bookstores. At your stage, it won't matter too much which one you choose - just one where you flick through and can understand the language used. It's the more advanced books that you'll find are fewer and far between.
Anyway, good luck and don't be afraid to ask.
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