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K10D Flash
First of all, your K10D has a buit-in flash, but I assume you know that and meant you have no external flash.
The maximum synch speed of 1/180 second refers to the speed at which the shutter is entirely open. At higher speeds, the trailing shutter begins closing before the opening shutter has completed its run. This causes a slit that moves across the sensor. At very high speeds, say 1/2000, the slit is very, very narrow.
If you use an external flash that supports high speed flash, such as the AF-540FGZ, you can use higher shutter speeds, but this is done by making the flash fire repeatedly, as the shutter moves across the sensor. I don't think that this will work to capture a splash.
Virtually all electronic flashes made today, have a variable duration flash. That is how they automatically control the flash exposure. There are sensors that detect when enough light has reached the camera to give a proper exposure and then shut the flash off. The closer the object is to the camera, the shorter the flash. Typically, flash duration varies from 1/1000 second to 1/30,000 or 1/50,000 second. Since the built-in flash uses the P-TTL system, I'm not sure if it varies the duration or the intensity of the flash, in order to control exposure.
In any event, except for the high-speed flash option, exposure is controlled by the flash duration, not the shutter speed. The built-in flash may not be powerful enough to do what you want, or its light may be blocked by the lens for very close objects.
Try the built-in flash. As I said, it is not the shutter speed that controls exposure, unless the ambient light is bright enough to expose the image by itself. Then, its called fill-flash. A flash duration of 1/1000 second may not be short enough to freeze the spash. In that case, an external flash, with a shorter duration, may do it.
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Paul Noble
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