I shoot both digital and film lenses on my DSLRs.
There have been some issues raised with respect to the use of film lenses on digital bodies, and I cannot give you a definitive answer, but I will tell you what I see with my lenses on my cameras.
Issue 1) reflection off the sensor, and rear element coating.
This issue has been raised because the sensor has a much higher reflective index than the emulsion side of a peice of film,
I believe it is true that you can get reflections, not only off the rear element which on many film lenses is not coated, but also off internal parts of the lens. There is a forum member that had a serious problem with reflections off a shiny part in a 645 to K mount adaptor, and I have had an issue with the reflections off the element locking ring on a Ricoh/Rikenon 135mm screw mount lens. These reflections were corrected with flat black paint. Some other members have posted shots where reflections have cause greatly reduced contrast, specifically in the center of the image,
HOWEVER these issues are few and far between. Does it exist, yes, how big a problem is it, for me 1 out of about 30 film lenses.
issue 2) Vignetting due to incident light not perpendicular to the sensor.
There has been a long standing concern about the design of some lenses causing light to hit the sensor at shallow angles, and being absorbed by the deep well walls of the sensors, or reflected off the sensor or front UV filter or micro lens as opposed to being collected by the sensor. this reportidly causes vignetting, specifically in the corners, and is / was reported as much more problematic with wide angle lenses.
I am not sure about this issue. I have not noticed an issue with any of my wide angle lenses, but I can report that specifically for my 50mm F1.4 lenses I see vignetting in the corners, which is in the order of about 3/4 of a stop, compared to the center of the frame, when the lens is wide open. Stopping down from F1.4 to F2 removes all of this. I do not know if it is the lens or the lens/sensor combination, because I have not done any test shots on film to quantify the problem further. Having said this, I shoot all the time with 24 and 28mm film lenses at relitively fast apertures of F2.0 and F2.5 (wide open) and if there is an issue of vignetting, It does not appear obvious in the shots.
Issue 3) Metering accuracy.
Perhaps the most serious issue for me, and this is camera type dependant, is the accuracy of the metering. Depending on whether you use screw mount or K mount, and depending on body type, each lens can meter differently. At one time, I used to test each of my lenses with both my K10D and *istD, and create charts for each lens. I have fallen woefully behind and have not really tested any except my K50mmF1.4 since I got my K7
I have attached below, what has become a "famous" chart within the forums, of how my different bodies and focusing screens impact metering.
This is something you should do for each lens yoou own, not just film lenses, so you know how the camera behaves.
For me, the metering is the biggest issue, and knowing how each lens behaves is the most important, but because you can look at the histogram immediately after the shot, you can make adjustments with exposure compensation or with manual settings and get the shot right,
As an overall conclusion, Non Digital lenses for the most part work fine, and do not cause any problems. As for focusing, there are many split image focusing screens that make using manual focus lenses a snap, and a pleasure to use. There are as many excellent shots posted here on the forum with Non digital lenses as there are with digital. That is why, today, used pentax lenses command such a high price, and are rare compared to their canon or nikon equivelents. They do work, are excellent optically, and you can use them.
Canon has made use of old legacy lenses impossible by changing the mount twice, and while nikon can mount the lenses and trip the shutter, only 2 or 3 of the pro level bodies can actually meter with the lenses, making the use of legacy lenses a trial and error process. Pentax has taken another approach, and you can take a photo with metered exposure with any lens that you can attach to the camera. Is the system perfect, NO, but it is good enough to get the shots.