I don't know nearly enough about lens design to answer this question properly. However, I don't think the 50-135/2.8 would have been much smaller even if it had not been an internal zoom lens. I wish the DA*60-250 had an internal zoom as well, but I have a feeling that would have made for a considerably longer lens. As it stands, the 60-250 isn't that much taller than the 50-135 when at it's smallest for storage.
Hopefully someone with more insight into lens design can chime in with a more specific answer