Originally posted by Marc Sabatella I agree wtih the observation the mirror lenses on general are mot well optimized for short focus distances. i have the Vivitar-branded version of this same Samyang-made lens, and while it just as lousy as your image shows at diatances under 20 feet or so, it gets very mich better with distance. See the Mirror Lens Club thread for more examples, but here are a couple I've posted before and still have easy access to:
Well, the optical quality "needs" to suffer at short distances - most "mirror" lenses are made that way.
As all lenses, except macros, mirror lenses are optimized for best performance at infinite distances. With "normal" purely refractive lenses, the loss of IQ at near distances is usually not critical, except if you misuse them for extrem close-ups shots with the help of extension tubes or a bellows. If you are lucky, you use a Gauss type lens for this and these can perform nicely even at short distances...
Mirror lenses are very different: There is a well-defined mechanical distance between the primary and the secondary mirror, at which they reach max. resolution and contrast. This distance is very critical. If you increase the inter-mirror distance to focus at a nearby subject, you will loose this optimized distance between the mirrors. The margin for changing the distances between the mirrors is very small and at short focus distance, the optical path is increased beyond these margins. On top, as most mirror lenses use simple spherical surfaces (as most mirror lenses are in fact catadioptric lenses, based on the Maksutov-design) there spherical abberation will increase significantly, when you extend the inter-mirror distance.
There are only a few select mirror lenses, which avoid this problem, namely the Zeiss Mirotars, because they keep the mirror spacing fixed and focusing is achieved via a classical rack and pinion focuser (and the Mirotars are of the Richter-Slevogt design, which offers some advantages over the more common and cheaper to make Maksutovs).
You can usually recognize the design of the mirror lens (or in 95% of all cases the "catadioptric mirror lens") by its max. aperture: Maksutovs commonly have a max. aperture between f/8 and f/11 or even f/16. If you make them faster, the corrector lens in the front becomes too heavy and too expensive and anyway the design reaches its limits. Faster lenses, like the Mirotars need another design. The Mangin mirrors, à la "solid cats" are an altogether different bunch...
Ben