Pentax SMC DA* 16-50mm f/2.8 ED: Not going to be sharper than the Tamron 17-50. Might render better though. And has WR.
Pentax SMC-DA 21mm f/3.2 AL Limited: Not going to be sharper than the Tamron 17-50. Might render better though. Is a nice focal length for me.
Pentax SMC-FA* 24mm f/2 AL [IF]: Sharper than the Tamron 17-50. Good lens.
Tokina RMC 17mm f/3.5: Not a clue.
Sigma AF 24mm f/2.8 macro: Not a clue.
Sigma AF 17-70mm f/2.8-4.5 DC: Definitely not as good as the Tamron 17-50.
Alternates:
Sigma 17-50 - Supposed to be sharper than the Tamron, and has HSM
DA 12-24 - Sharper than the Tamron in that range. Amazingly flare resistant. Super sexy.
DA 15 - As good as the DA 12-24, better flare resistance, and light and small.
FA 20 F2.8 - Sharper than the DA 21 I think.
FA 31 1.8 - How could you ignore this!