The no brainer in this group is definitely the Tamron 17-50.
I don't have the 16-45, I did use a friend's briefly... nothing really stands out in my mind. CA values are for me un-acceptable. Twice that of your 18-135.
Pentax SMC-DA 16-45mm f/4 ED AL - Review / Test Report - Analysis
I did some test images here, yes, the zooms are not as good as the primes, but the difference is so insignificant, would you care?
https://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/10-pentax-slr-lens-discussion/302815-35mm-find-prime.html
By the way, by far the best lens I tested that day was the Tamron 17-50, but I had some weird focussing issues during the test.
But I don't own a 16-45. Sigma 17-50, Pentax DA 16-50 or Pentax 16-85, so no access to may of the most popular lenses in this range. Nor do I have a 31 or 43 ltd, the kings in this range.
My favourite lens on my K01 is the 40XS that came with it, followed by the 21 ltd. for it's incredible flexibility. But if I were buying a lens today, for a K-01, I'd probably go for the new
18-50. It's collapsable to make it easier to carry in a pocket for travel. It would seem to be pretty much a custom lens for the K-01.