Quote: . . . adding extension tubes to this teleconverter.
The short answer:
** If we place the extension device ahead of the optical elements in the TC, the optics must deal with a "broader" (fuzzier?) distribution of the color characteristics in each light ray. If we place the optics first in the path, the extension device will effectively enlarge the area of any chromatic aberrations present at the sensor. If YOU can't tell the difference between the various methods -- it doesn't make much difference which one you choose. Until you count the cost of the tools, that is. In any case, LBA will ultimately demand the most expensive, prime macro lens(es) you can afford so it's a mute point anyway.
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A longer explanation, and perhaps a little simplistic, but generally applicable.
We're dealing with two primary characteristics of light. Imagine a "normal" light ray as narrow in diameter as you care to imagine -- but for discussion purposes let's use one degree. And we're not talking about a coherent, parallel beam such as usually attributed to a laser, just a plain ol' sunbeam as applied to photography.
** White light is composed of all colors. Colored light "filters out" certain colors/wave lengths. Each color is defined by a certain wave length frequency (or Kelvin temperature). Each discrete wave length is refracted (bent) differently as it passes through a medium such as optical glass or water. Remember the physics lab demonstration of sun light through a prism? A simple spherical lens works much the same way, bending the different "colors" present in unique patterns according to the lens' properties.
A complex, aspherical lens formula composed of complex surface curvature and/or multiple elements with different refractive properties tries to restore all "colors" within a ray to a common point of focus on the sensor surface to minimize color aberrations. (Keep in mind also that the plane of perfect-focus is actually a curved surface and the sensor is flat.)
Lens cost and weight are proportional to the design complexity. All glass in the light path extracts a certain price in the amount of illumination striking the film/sensor. That penalty in "lens speed" can only be corrected by adding ever larger, more expensive and heavier glass elements or wider apertures which present additional refractive problems. Lens coatings normally affect reflection and transmission properties, not refraction.
** Back to our one-degree light ray. The radial arc-width of a one-degree ray is wider at one foot than at one inch. Of course, we can attempt to narrow the beam by placing optical glass in the light path but that presents issues of its own -- e.g., refraction. Narrow the beam too much and we end up with a wide angle converter rather than a tele-converter.
Shine a flash light at an electrical wall switch representing the film/sensor at such a distance the light circle just covers the switch plate. Add a small margin to avoid as much optical edge distortion as economically feasible and you have a good approximation of the design properties of a typical lens with no TC or extension device.
Now back away from the wall until the light circle is twice as big as the wall plate. There's your normal lens with an extension tube or TC effect. There's no more light photons from the flashlight but that energy is spread over a MUCH larger AREA. (Pi x R
squared, etc). That accounts for the necessary exposure correction with extension tubes. Same effect occurs if we make the sensor smaller as with the APS-C sensor compared to the 135 film format - we capture less of the available image within the circle of light.
The effect didn't optically change the image, it only filled the film/sensor with a smaller portion of the available image. Again, without expensive optical correction, the "perfect" plane of focus is a curved surface projected upon a flat sensor. A flat-field lens optical formula attempts to correct this but presents other compromises.
Replace the extension with an optical converter. Instead of moving the lens (flashlight) farther away from the sensor to enlarge the circle, it bends the light rays with a proportional effect on circle-size and the optically induced aberrations. An expensive glass formula MAY minimize those effects. We now have to account for not only that Pi x R squared lose of light but the optical penalty as well. Same result, different means, different price.
Acutance and resolution suffer as the radial dispersion of each discrete ray of light exceeds the capture area of each discrete sensor (pixel? film grain?) when the lens moves away from that sensor.
** Since the radial arc expansion of a projected light ray is a fixed physical property, the available variable will be the properties of the optics involved and how well or poorly they play with the combination of the sensor resolution, the lens' inherent optical aberrations and the target distance.
So, assuming you actually have both devices available, why not avoid all the aggravation and just do your own practical test then choose the method with the best result? Practical experimentation using digital photography gear provides the advantage of essentially instantaneous results, it's virtually free, and it produces the best results you can achieve with the tools actually at hand.
If you've yet to acquire close-up/macro accessories, first try the non-optical path with extension rings and lens reversal adapters and see if it suits your needs -- it's a lot cheaper. And dare I suggest that close-up diopter filters may fill the need quite nicely and have many advantages in the field.
H2
A question was asked in another forum whether a TC could ever actually improve a lens' optical performance. Well, perhaps by a serendipitous combination of unique properties -- but I'm still waiting on those millions of typewriter-equipped monkeys to duplicate Shakespeare too.