To make sure your meter is metering as it should
The light meter is calibrated for ana average scene, thus balanced light and dark tones, so if you point your camera to a white surface or to a black surface the metering will over/under expose and thus using a grey card allows you to meter correctly.
making one yourself is relatively simple with a printer and paper, you can either do it as a solid gray or I think a black/white checker pattern is best.
IMHO if you are testing the camera meter against a handheld it does not matter what do you test it against as long as it is the same for the handheld and the camera. If you point both to the wall of your house (white in this example) or point both to a dark steel door (black) both should meter the same, and a picture should give you a medium gray in both cases
So point them to an average scene in you backyard and they should meter the same. BUT do it at different times, since the problems arise in both limits of the metering spectrum so a very bright and a quite dark scenes would test the meter best.
Originally posted by jgredline if I may show my ignorance, what is the purpose of gray cards?
From
Clemson tech photography course Quote: There are a number of technical situations where camera meter systems will be fooled and produce incorrect exposures. These situations include photographing black and white line drawings, graphs etc and photographing specimens where a white or black background is employed. Specimens photographed in front of a curved background will appear to float in the photograph (see the photograph of the copy stand below) and there will be no background details to distract from the specimen. Consider the three photographic subjects below. The left and right frames will fool the meter systems and thus require exposure reading using a 18% gray card. The middle subject is close to neutral or 18% gray and would produce a correct aperture-shutter setting.