If you want good cost AND weather resistance, it's zooms when talking about what's available in k-mount land. The 18-50 WR (I am not excited about this lens), 18-55 WR (punches above its weight, I think), 50-200 (I own one, I wouldn't recommended it, although it's been fun to shoot things fairly close up like plants and flowers on my patio), and the 55-300 (great all around telephoto, I've not used one myself). All these can be found on the used market inside your budget.
What I think you want is one of two lenses I have been annoying people here about for a while. Something around 25 or 26mm prime, made primarily of plastic, but with an f2.4 or so max aperture (at least 2.8, 2.0 would be awesome) and carries a WR rating. The problem is that there's no existing optical block to steal from like they had with the DA 34 f2.4 and DA 50 1.8 or the 40mm pancakes. So there's design and testing to be done with that aspect.
This is why I went out and bought a Kino Precision 28mm f2.0. I'm not that great at focusing the thing accurately as often as I would like and have replaced that with a Sigma 28mm f1.8. That lens I bought just weeks ago, refurbished by Sigma, through Adorama. It would be at the top of your budget. I like it so far although I'm still learning how to focus the thing properly, an issue I've not had with AF lenses on my camera before. In any case, it's probably not really something you want right now. Maybe in the future. The other lens I might consider is the old Pentax F 28mm f2.8. They're about the same price as what I spent on the Sigma.
---------- Post added 11-01-17 at 10:49 AM ----------
Originally posted by Aslyfox ... getting lost in the view finder may not be the best idea.
With the week I'm having, I'd love to go get lost in a view finder for a while.