Came across this thread again, and thought I should post the 2 lenses I originally thought about, (but was too lazy to look up at the time).
Sorry I’m not posting pictures but instead supplying links, I need to increase the amount of photos that I can post here on the forums. I should have more space and be a site supporter as I used a forum link when I bought my 20–40mm, (but for whatever reason, it didn’t work).
Anyways there are
liquid lenses which use a drop of oil in lieu of glass optics, by putting in electric current through the oil droplet it can make the oil take on different curvatures. So instead of having a bunch of optical elements, the oil simply gets formed into one perfect element tailored for the exact shot you are taking. They have lots of advantages, like being very shock and wear resistant, and can focus so quickly that you would keep track of their focusing time in milliseconds.
Their big drawback is that they can only produced with a very small circumference, about the size of a droplet, it is just too difficult to get enough milliliters, of fluid to be suspended, that would be needed to cover C–crop/full frame or anything like that.
Right now these lenses are only used for more industrial purposes, but here’s an article of them trying to put this technology into smart phone cameras.
Exclusive - Future iPhones to feature global shutter, liquid lens and optical zoom - EOSHD
And here’s a link speaking more about their attributes.
Electrowetting for liquid lens - Display Plus
The other one, and in my opinion even more interesting as this actually has the possibility of replacing just not smart phone cameras lenses, (like the aforementioned) but all lenses!
This, “lens” is flat and extremely thin, and picks up the images akin to a radio antenna. Supposedly the performance potential for this technology, when fully developed, compared to our standard optics would have them obsoleted.
Lightweight, distortion-free flat lens uses antennae, not glass, to focus light | Harvard Magazine