Lens looks good. These 1960's tp's are always better stopped down. f8 tends to be pretty optimal. The advantage of f4 is the brightness of the VF. Taks, being M42, have the advantage of being able to use Av stop down metering mode as opposed to "green buttoning" with an "M" or "K" 300mm, but the disadvantage that stopping down has to be done manually at the moment of taking the pic.
Above f11
diffraction sets in (link is to the excellent "Cambridge in Colour" web site, it tends to the technical but in a nutshell physics means that the image deteriorates with ever smaller aperture). Pretty much never use f16 and up.
Fundamentals of tp photography: 1st is focus, tp's have a very narrow depth of field, so it's all about nailing focus, results reflect practice, good technique and attention to how well your focus tools on your camera work/are used. #1 check that the VF diopter adjust is spot on. #2 consider a VF magnifier (I use one all the time) #3 familiarise with live view, use magnified LV to corroborate your visual estimations.
Second is reducing shake and vibrations. Prioritise upping the asa to get decent shutter speeds over worries about noise. Note that the trad 1/focal length is off for apsc - factor in the "crop factor" ie 1/450th (1.5 x 300) and faster. And if you are cropping the image more later then that factors in too. My go to is a bean bag, use it on any and every available support. And I use a monopod a lot. And a remote shutter.
Practice makes well if not perfect then better results. Have fun.