You do say you're looking for a zoom, but I think you really should consider a prime if you're looking for something beyond 300mm. There are very few zoomlenses in that range that don't have some sort of compromise on either sharpness or loss of light. The Bigma does have f6.3 in the tele end and that might not be too easy to autofocus unless it's bright daylight. Perhaps some owners of that particular lens can enlighten us on just that, but from my experience, even f5.6 can be a bit slow when autofocusing birds/wildlife.
I have the Tokina AT-X 400/5.6 that palmor mentioned, and I think it's a very good performer and quite cheap as second hand buy. A lot cheaper than your 1000 dollar budget. The build quality is excellent (all metal) and very compact for a 400mm. On the downside however a bit noisy when focusing and has a rather loud metallic noise when the focus ring bangs onto either end of its range.
You can see a sample from my AT-X in my flickr photostream:
Eurasian Oystercatcher on Flickr - Photo Sharing! I do have more images, but they haven't yet found their way to flickr.
The Sigma EX 70-210 is also a great performer, but I'm not too sure if you'll be happy with the results using a 2x teleconverter. The lens is a tiny bit softer at the long end, and this will be more pronounced using a 2x converter. Using the 1.4x it's quite good, I think there is at least one sample of that in my photostream as well, but 300mm range is not what you were asking for
If you can manage a 300/2.8 prime like the Tamron SP with the 1,7x af adapter within you budget that might be one hell of a combination. Both should be able to give you excellent results and the 300 itself can be used in situations where another tele would just give up because of low light.
If you still want a (new) zoom, the Sigma 100-300/4 has a great reputation, and with the EX 1,4x converter it will probably still be a great performer. Sigma also has newer lenses on its way with sdm/hsm, but who knows how long it will be until we see them. There was also a Tokina AT-X 80-400mm zoom. I don't know much about it other than it's every compact and known to be quite sharp. It's not the easiest one to get hold of.
You can even start saving for a Pentax FA* 250-600/5.6
As a sidenote. I don't know much about astrophotography, but the best shot of the moon I've made this far comes from a very cheap Sigma 600mm/f8 mirror..