I'm not sure where this thing about Sigma Art lenses not having microcontrast is coming from...
...and "3D effect" certainly has to do a lot with keeping some field curvature and also not over-correcting the lenses. I keep reading about these two things regarding lens design that would have an effect on this:
1) Lenses need a little bit of field curvature to make the subjects "pop" - this was described by Hirakawa Jun in the paper that he wrote at the time of the release of the Pentax FA Limiteds. Forum member Greg (northcoastgreg) wrote a nice piece on it on his blog:
Lessons from a Legendary Lens Designer | Photographic Ideals, Basic Principles | The Northcoast Photographer
2) Then there's the issue of how correcting elements such as aspherical lenses affect bokeh and in-focus to out-of-focus transitions. People like Mike Johnston and others have written about this in the past. Hirakawa Jun also mentioned how color correction was handled in the FA Limiteds as opposed to other lens designs, in order to make sure that the in-focus to out-of-focus transitions were as smooth as possible (see link above).
Having said that, the Sigma Art lenses do have a "claim to fame" of exactly the thing we complain about... flat images. They are made to be sharp edge to edge wide open (at apertures such as f/1.4 or even f/1.2 now). This is only accomplished by eliminating field curvature and by applying a lot of correction elements, making the lens huge and to the detriment of bokeh quality, especially at mid distances.
Finally, I would like to add - complementing what BigMackCam already alluded to... - that the Sigma 30mm f/1.4 Art is an anomaly among Sigma Art lenses. It's been called "unworthy" of the Art designation, exactly because the designers decided to keep some field curvature (so it does not test sharp edge-to-edge in test charts), and went away with the ED glass compared to the earlier version of this lens, keeping only one aspherical lens at the very end (sort of like what Pentax has been doing for a while now on a few prime lens designs). Purple fringing shows up especially wide open, meaning the lens is not as corrected as other Art lenses (the PF does go away as you stop down a bit). The result is a lens that is still very sharp but doesn't test all that great on test benches, so a lot of people frowned on it. But the result is a lens from the Sigma Art series that most closely resembles the Pentax philosophy on lens designs, I would say
Iit's not going to perform like a Zeiss in terms of "pop" but what does? But the images it produces are very pleasing to my eyes, and PF is easily correctable anyway. And I don't see any on f/2.8 and smaller. Oh and you also likely need to use center point focus to get the AF to work reliably - something I do on other lenses anyway.
So the tl;dr version of this is... Sigma Art lenses do have microcontrast, and microcontrast isn't the only (or even the most important) aspect of a lens that creates the "pop" or "3D" effect on images. The Sigma 30 1.4 Art is a fine lens for APS-C and covers an important gap in the Pentax APS-C lens lineup, IMHO.