I very occasionally have experienced "failed to focus" scenarios with my 150-500mm Sigma at maximum length on my K70 and I've been tempted to blame the small maximum aperture of f/6.3, as it's just outside the minimum recommended aperture for the autofocus system in the camera. My Tamron 18-200mm, also with an f/6.3 maximum aperture at 200mm can display similar symptoms, whereas my FA 100-300mm and my Tamron 90-300mm, both f/5.6, are more reliable in this respect. Note at this point the "problem" has only occurred in reasonably poor light on relatively low contrast subjects.
Yes I know that looks like overkill, with all those lenses at similar focal lengths, but the f/5.6 lenses were VERY cheap (single-figure prices) so I bought them "just to try" ... someone's got to do it