Originally posted by Lukas Rothe . . . What are the rough steps that I need to do and do I need any special equipment? Are there also maybe websites where this is explained in detail?
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In addition to the good advice already given, for general lens maintenance & repair this site has some helpful information:
https://richardhaw.com/lens-camera-repair-fundamentals/
And I'm currently cleaning my own M42 mount Soligor GS 200 f/2.8.
For tools, I'm using small, flat blade and J.I.S. (cross head) screwdrivers and a curved lens spanner wrench - such as this one:
Professional Curved Spanner Wrench Camera Lens Repairment Opening Tool | eBay
Here are some details from my own disassembly. To access the iris from above:
Rotate the focus ring to minimum focus distance. On my lens there's now one screw visible in a collar above the focus ring. Loosen the screw a couple turns. Now the threaded collar will turn left and unscrew from the upper barrel. The collar should then slide down inside the focus ring.
Now you'll have access to three screws which hold the upper and lower barrels together. Loosen the three screws and the halves separate. The iris is now accessible from above.
To remove the iris for a thorough cleaning, loosen three small screws in the iris retaining ring. Now a spanner's pointed tips can unscrew the retaining ring via the two holes in the ring.
My curved spanner was needed for this step because my normal, straight spanner wouldn't have been able to reach the retaining ring holes.
If you simply want to go in from the rear, as noted already, a spanner will unscrew the rear element group.
Here are some alternatives if you don't have a lens spanner:
Spanner wrench substitutes - PentaxForums.com
If cleaning the iris while it's inside the lens with some lens elements still in place, I'd put lens cleaning tissue behind the iris to prevent solvent drips or spray from getting onto the elements.
I've owned several Soligor GS lenses which have had an oily iris, so I think it's common. By the way, "GS" isn't written on my lens, but the lens box and literature describe these lenses as GS.
Anyway, because of the nature of these GS lenses, I'm going to fully dismantle my lens and replace the old grease in the focus helicoid with fresh grease which shouldn't be as likely to migrate to the iris. I can take photos if it would be helpful.
Edit: If the problem is in fact oily iris blades, I'd recommend just trying to clean the iris without removing it from the barrel.
I took the iris out of my lens for cleaning and it was a hassle to get it back in place properly.