Brick wall test as above or the indoor test used to be an open page of a broadsheet newspaper.
When doing the lest make sure the camera is horizontal, and square on to the target, and it is much easier (and removes unknowns) if you use a tripod and one of the modes that takes IS and mirror shake out of the equation. As well as overall quality you're looking for differences along the edges which suggest something distorted. Things being bent may also show up as not moving smoothly as it focuses.
Originally posted by othar I can't remember how this feature is called, but for a stationary target you can move the APS-C sensor around and take an image for each corner of the frame
You can use
composition adjust to look beyond the normal edges of the image. I would focus manually with LV, and not change focus between shots. Composition adjust is intentionally de-centring the lens (!) so these images will be slightly sharper on the edge which has been moved towards the lens centre and slightly less sharp on the edge that has moved away from the centre - ensure you compare the corresponding parts of different images - i.e. is the left edge of the shifted left image the same sharpness as right edge of shifted right image.