Originally posted by steve500 I'm looking into a few new lenses.
First I need to know what's going to be directly compatible with my k20d
Basically any lens with a K-mount and M42-lenses, T2-lenses via adaptors. In the latter case you can still use the Av automatic of the K20, but you don't have AF, P-TTL, matrix metering or automatic aperture. All later K-mount lenses, beginning with the A-series will give you all camera functions, including P-TTL, except AF. Any Pentax AF lens, beginning with the F- and FA-series, will work with your K20, without problems. The same is true for most third party lenses.
Originally posted by steve500 Do the FA series primes and zooms (ill use the 300mm prime F2.8 as example) work directly along with AF with the K20D ?
Yes.
Originally posted by steve500 OR will I be better of getting a DA* of the same focal length?
There is no general rule. The FA* lenses were of very high quality and some don't have a complement in the DA-world. So, when it comes to a FA 24/2.0, 85/1.4 or even the 80-200/2.8, you are bound to get the FA and pay the according price on the secondhand market. Also, the example you chose, the 300/2.8 is withou a current complement and there is no indication, that Pentax plans to make a lens like that in the foreseeable future.
There were also cheaply made FAs and they don't have any advantage over the DAs, which in general have a good quality, even if if made to a budget (like the 55-300).
Originally posted by steve500 I just don't understand why the DA* series is so much cheaper than an FA lens of the same focal length.
DAs (as others already wrote) have a smaller image circle, which makes the lenses smaller and cheaper to make. Also today the production of some advanced lens geometrics, like aspherical lenses, is much(!) cheaper, than it was 15 years ago. The the DAs don't have an aperture ring anymore and can save the according mechanics.
All in all, the DAs are an optimized choice for the current APS-C cameras and maybe for a coming Pentax with a 1.2 or 1.3 crop factor, whereas the FAs will be usable on Pentax film cameras, even fully mechanical ones (due to the aperture ring) or even a future (if it ever comes) full-frame Pentax DSLR.
I must confess, that I possess only exactly 1 DA lens, the 16-50/2.8 and it is well-made. though I still prefer the heavier mechanical make of my FAs. But that is more a matter of taste, than a quality issue.
There are in fact only a few lenses, that can really be compared, like the FA 50/1.4 and the DA 55/1.4 or the FA 300/4.5 versus the DA 300/4. In both cases the DA lenses have a slight edge in terms of sharpness and contrast (though it is so slight, it might not be visible in many shots) - this at least is the conclusion, I personally draw from all the image examples I have seen here and on other sites.
Ben