How many pixels depends what quality print and what printer, but 300dpi is bandied around.
At that dpi, you need 2,400 x 3,000 pixels, and your negative is (rather approximately) 1" x 1 1/2", so the 3,200dpi should be fine. The aspect ratio of a 35mm slide is different to a negative so there will be some croping whatever you do.
But a new 35mm scanner that scans 'instantly'? Seems unlikely to me. The 35mm scanner market is dying (unlike the document scanner market), and it seems unlikely to me a new 35mm scanner will come along let alone an 'instant' one. Also, one of the big issues isn't the actual scanning, but feeding the originals. The slide feeder for the Coolscan V is far from perfect, but being able to load a box of up to 40 slides and let it buzz away while you do something else is a huge boon. And AFAIK all scanners work by sensing red, green and blue images, and (for D-ICE) IR as well. They also have devices feeding the original materials for uncut 35mm and for APS format. Sadly most people's 35mm negatives come back cut into strips of 4, or if you are very lucky 6, and having to feed each strip of 4 takes time. Not only does it take time, it's hard to do much else as well unlike the slide feeder where you are only usually involved to load a box of slides and unload them 40 minutes or so later. If you leave it alone if jams, if you sit with it (and do other stuff in the same room) it seems to be OK.
I found the following at Popular Science:
Lexmark's Scanner Borrows the Brains of a Camera for Instant Imagery | Popular Science
This looks like a document scanner to me rather than a negative / slide scanner and I suspect the technology is like a camera. It is $400 and I wonder if it's what you were thinking of?