Originally posted by callmeraymon Say I'm outside and want to expose at ISO800, 1/1600, f.6.7 with flash to brighten my subject.
Those are pretty strange settings. I suggest you go down to ISO 100, 1/180, f6.7 and no HSS needed.
HSS is usually used in very bright conditions. Say you're doing a portrait of the bride on a sunny day, but her face is in shade. You meter 1/2000s, f2.8, ISO 100. You can't go any lower on ISO, and you need to isolate her from the background. HSS allows you use fill flash but still keep the widest aperture. If your flash doesn't allow HSS, you either have to shoot with her face shaded, or reduce shutter speed to flash synch and shoot at f9.5, which will include the background features in the photo.
The other common use of HSS is for freezing motion and illuminating shadow, e. g. shooting sports events.