Originally posted by hoovs However, I am confess I am deeply confused when reading about the various flash terminology. Also is it possible to take the flash off the hot shoe and remotely fire it? What would I need in that scenario?
Basically, Pentax uses P-TTL, and there are some tutorials already out there on the internet. Other brands use different automations and they are not compatible between brands. But often you can still use a flash from some other company manually (where the only communication between the camera and flash is "when" to fire off, nothing else). But some brands use flashes that are so different they won't work on your camera at all (most notably Sony, I think). Be careful if you want to use an older flash, because a flash can actually damage your camera. New flashes, made specifically for digital cameras should be okay, though.
If you want to set off a flash remotely, you can either use wires or wireless triggers. Wireless triggers are often the most comfortable, and you can get very cheap ones (again, no automation) on amazon or ebay for under 50 bucks. And they can fire off multiple flashes at once, if you have many receivers.
If you want a cheap flash you will probably want a Yongnuo or some other chinese, maybe even no-name flash. But for under 100, I doubt you will get anything worth your while. Maybe something used, or old.. um Vivitar flashes. But be sure to check if their voltage is so low that it won't damage your camera.
You can also rent a flash and triggers, that might be a good option if you have a specific project in mind
Edit: I didn't watch the whole video, but a lot of it doesn't apply to Pentax because, as the presenter said, each brand has its own settings. And with Pentax, you can pretty much forget using flash at shutter speeds above 1/180. While that isn't great, its usually not terribly bad