Hello,
I agree with Class A comments, but I'd discard software/PTTL incompatibility between K5 and XProP; that is, I have a K5 and I have no issues with my XProP (I have tested again some minutes ago) regardless if I use it in TTL or M mode. I think there is another easy test you can do: just disable all the pins but the central pin using some tape or just a piece of paper. This way you isolate (in my opinion) any issue related with electrical contacts, incorrect voltages... I don't know (I'm not expert in electricity/electronics), you just let the central pin, it's more difficult to get issues with just the central pin.
If it works, then you could use the same flash shoe adapter shown in this thread, when using the XProP in M mode,
Xpro-P TTL Wireless Flash Trigger for Pentax - Page 15 - PentaxForums.com
Of course a PTTL cable can be another option, but maybe a small shoe adapter is easier to handle. Using the V6II seems to resolve the problem, as you tested yet.
It's really difficult to prove if the problem is the XproP or the K5, you'd need another K5 or XProP to compare. The test with the K1 seems to point to a camera issue, but I'd discard a general K5 issue, just your unit seems to have the problem.
Regards.