Originally posted by Kerrowdown As already suggested... the lowest you get away with, while still achieving the result you want or need.
And true for everything not just landscape. Even with shutter speed, once you get a few images you like with your ISO up for a faster shutter speed, I put the ISO down to where I have no business getting a decent image, and try that, because if you luck out it's going to be a better image.
So, I'd strongly advise a method I'd call "ISO cheating"
Here's an image I took while "ISO cheating" I already had a few images taken at higher ISOs and shutter speeds, so I dropped my ISO to 100, that gave me a 1/20s exposure time. Have no right to expect that moose isn't going to move causing motion blur. I have no guarantee the SR is going to work and save me from camera shake. If it was a one off shot, I'd be shooting at 400 ISO to make sure I got the shot.
But, I'm going for the most possible useful light hitting my sensor, which leads to lower noise, (and therefore more sharpness) more dynamic range, etc. I have no right to expect this image to work, but, it did.
I end up with the absolute maximum IQ the camera is capable of producing. It's just what you do to make the most of your gear.
Before I did this I did a quite a few conventional 400ISO image at 1/160s like this one... I'm not willing to waste an opportunity to get a theoretically better image, and in this case, I wanted to freeze the water dripping from his mouth, so I had to have the higher ISO. But, given time and opportunity a couple of 100 ISO tries as sort of a hail Mary never hurts and sometimes you luck out.
It makes me happy, but whether or not it makes a difference to the image is debatable, but, theoretically it could. I'm not sure I could even tell the difference between the 100 and 400 ISO in this case.
The only point that matters in ISO is the point at which you can see the image starting to degrade. Usually with a K-3, for me that point is after 640 ISO, or 800 ISO with a K-5. With a K-1 it's after 3200 ISO. And that is determined completely by how many times I have exceeded the limit where I have to introduce noise reduction software at that ISO. Sometimes you get noise at 400 ISO sometimes you don't at 3200. it's an estimated rule that isn't absolute, but plays the odds based on how I shoot. I've also had noiseless 1600 ISO ISO images and noisey 400 ISO K-1 images, so these are guidelines. not hard fast rules, leaving the door open for experimentation. If I'm shooting hummingbirds and I'm not getting what i want at 800 ISO, I may bump it up to 1600 ISO, and use Noise Reduction. For each image there are multiple metrics which make it very difficult to predict which image you want. But on the whole there is simply no way around it. Noise reduction software reduces resolution. I prefer not to use it unless absolutely necessary. I definitely recommend reducing noise by controlling ISO as opposed to software solutions.