As boriscleto, the closed shutter protects the film from light.
That said, too much direct sunlight on the shutter could leak through tiny imperfections in the shutter especially in a worn cloth shutter on an old camera. (If you happen to get weird bright spots on almost every picture and the same place on almost every frame, there's a good chance the shutter has a small hole that's leaking light.)
When changing lenses, I generally turn my back to the sun and try to avoid pointing the camera up. That minimizes the amount of light falling on the shutter and also reduces the chances of eyelashes, dust, etc. from falling into the open camera.
Have fun with the K-1000!
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