Doing some nasa searches today I found this bit of history about the Nikon F4 with a digital back (Shuttle flight StS-48 was in 1991):
The comment about post processing by the astronauts is interesting.
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-48/sts-48-press-kit.txt
Extract:
During the STS-48 mission, NASA will evaluate the on- orbit and
downlinking performance and capabilities of the Electronic Still Camera
(ESC), a handheld, self-contained digital camera developed by the
Man-Systems Division at Johnson Space Center. The ESC is the first
model in a planned evolutionary development leading to a family of
high-resolution digital imaging devices.
Additionally, through a Technical Exchange Agreement with NASA's
Office of Commercial Programs, Autometric, Inc., Alexandria, Va., will
assess the utility of the camera for commercial applications in close
range photogrammetry, terrestrial monitoring and near realtime
capabilities.
The basic photographic platform is a Nikon F4 35mm film camera
converted to a digital image storing device by placement of a 1 million
picture element (pixel) charge coupled device (CCD) at the film plane.
The battery-operated ESC retains all the available features of the F4
and will accept any lense or optics with a Nikon mount. Lenses used on
STS-48 will include the 20mm AF Nikkor, 35-70mm zoom AF Nikkor, 50mm
f/1.2 AF Nikkor and 180mm AF Nikkor.
Images obtained during the STS-48 mission will be monochrome with
8 bits of digital information per pixel (256 gray levels) and stored on
a removable computer hard disk. The images may be viewed and enhanced
on board using a modified lap-top computer before being transmitted to
the ground via the orbiter digital downlinks.
During STS-48, the ESC will be used to image areas of interest to
commercial remote sensing users. Scenes of Earth, such as major cities
and geological formations will be used to compare the ESC to other
Earth-looking sensors. Images of Shuttle crew member tasks in the
middeck and payload bay will be taken to test the camera's use for
documentation and support to missions. Attempts will be made to
collect stereo pairs at close and far ranges to test the camera's
photogrammetric capabilities.