Sure looks like stuff right on the surface of the cover glass.
Do you have a blower? Something like a Giottos Rocket Air Blaster, or even just a kitchen baster (make sure it's clean!). Try blowing off the crud. DO NOT USED CANNED AIR!
Does the K-30 have a start-up/shut-down sensor clean option? If so, make sure it is on. See pages 260-262 in the manual.
In your first picture there are what appear to be white/bright spots on the sensor. It's hard to tell at this resolution, but they sorta look like dust (unless they are artifacts of your lighting).
Do you have a local camera store? They might be able to help you with a good cleaning.
Or, you could just always shoot at f/3.5
Good luck!