Originally posted by thibs I don't think Hoya owns anything of Tokina. But it may be some stakeholders of Hoya do.
This is most likely. I suspect that someone in Hoya fronted seed money to Tokina to get them going. Possibly a corporate loan or some such. My understanding of the Japanese business model is that it is quite collaborative, even among competitors, something westerners have a hard time getting their heads around. The western business model seems to revolve around crushing and swallowing the competition, the Japanese model seems to be more akin to a rising tide floats all boats.
This goes a long way to explaining why so many Pentax inventions (such as the instant return mirror) found their way into every Japanese SLR camera.
When everyone does well, everyone does well, when only a few do well, everyone suffers.