Originally posted by RonHendriks1966 anyone knowing how to calculate that?
The entrance pupil of a lens needs to be at least (focal_length)/(maximum_f-number) to realize the desired aperture. For example, a 200mm f/2 lens can't have a front element smaller than 100mm in diameter, or else it won't count as a real f/2 lens.
Nowadays, the very ambitious design goals set for lenses means that their diameters have outgrown this simple calculation. In some cases (Sigma ARTs, most famously, but also the Zeiss Otus line) this is done to project an image circle larger than necessary, leaving the garbage edges out of the frame completely. In other cases it's done to allow the designers extra leeway in the optical design, incorporating more aggressive corrective elements that would normally just cause hard vignetting in a narrower optical pathway.