Originally posted by Mistral75 To me the HD Pentax-D FA 21mm ED Limited DC WR being longer than the smc Pentax-FA 31mm f/1.8 AF ED Limited speaks first and foremost of a much shorter focal length, less than half the back focal distance, hence a retrofocus / inverted telephoto design with a front group of much higher negative power, hence:
- an optical centre farther from the front group, hence a longer lens and
- much more pronounced aberrations to be corrected (distortion, coma, lateral chromatic aberrations and more), hence more elements in both groups, the front negative group and the rear positive group, including more aspheric elements and/or more elements made of special glass, hence a more expensive lens
all other things being equal.
Originally posted by mlt Great explanation, thank you Mistral75.
Yes, my understanding is that the "natural" focal length of a lens is the same as its flange distance.
Since both the M42 and K mounts have a flange length of 45.5mm, the lens will naturally get longer as it gets farther from that distance,
which is why my Takumar 35mm lens {on left} is longer than my Takumar 50mm lens {on right} - and 21mm is even farther from 45.5mm.
There
are design 'tricks' that can be used to reduce the length of a lens, but using them adds to the cost of a lens, so this length may be another argument for a lower cost.