Originally posted by biz-engineer When using a zoom you aren't supposed to crop, or if you need to do so means your zoom has the wrong focal length range for what you are photographing, because with zooms you are supposed to zoom-in or zoom-out to fit the subject within the camera frame. I know a lot of hobby photographers use zooms for birding in europe, and the zoom is always fully extended, which means, not only the zoom functionality is never used, but on top of that the zoom optical design is a "good enough" compromise that delivers reasonable sharpness profile when using the full frame across the focal length range. So if you know you are going to shoot small birds in Europe, it's better to use the longest prime lens you can afford. And if you're going to shoot elephants from a Jeep in South Africa national park, a zoom is better because you often have to zoom out to fit the elephant in the frame.
Are you living in ideal world? I do not. Since I am working with nature I learned one thing - sooner or later your longest telephoto lens is too short. Sure, I can go and buy longer one, but first - that particular photo opportunity is gone already, second - some systems (like Pentax for example) can offer rather limited choice. Third and most important - this is a hobby, and beside it I have mortgage, kids education costs and some other things that I must buy, pay for, or secure for the future. I am existing on this planet just over 50 years, and for over 40 I am playing with cameras - some time ago as professional press photographer, and for last 20 years as amateur one. For all these years I saw a lot of great nature images - many of them cropped. There is a reason behind the choice of high pixel count cameras by many nature photographers, including some real champions - as more pixels allows better cropping in postproduction. If I have choice between do not take a great picture because I do not have a 800mm lens which will be ideal, or take it with 400 I have, and then crop - I will press that button, for sure, and then crop my picture.
And you theory of zoom lenses usage in Europe is quite strange. I was in endless situations, including birding, where working in one place, or with one subject I needed multiple focal lengths. Having two cameras I was able to use two primes with two different focal length at the time. Having a decent zooms - I can use many angles of view, and use the same set of lenses in multiple scenarios, as mature or birding are NOT my exclusive fields of interests. Again, there is a reason behind 'reporter's trio' being three zooms, not three prime lenses: UWA to 24, 24-70 and 70-200, or similar. TBH, my favorite lens is 70-200/2.8 and I am using it a lot at 70, 100, 135, 150 and 200 mm for different subjects, including nature, including some birds.