I've seen similar questions posted elsewhere with people usually asking about how do I keep my internet business running during a
Carrington Event type situation but against the modern grid and infrastructure. In general the answer is sort it out once things are back up as you will have greater concerns. A lot of thinking about this has been prompted by the Tom Brokaw book Lights Out which is a rather garbage piece of writing meant to scare people written by a journalist who has no real knowledge on the subject with input from others who don't know anything about SCADA security. Grid security, which includes availability, is the very specific area in which I work. Are there concerns about it, yes. Is America unprepared, much less so than Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and Oceania (mostly Austraila for those who use the old continent naming).
So lets look at some failure scenarios and think about what needs to be done:
1. Large storm knocks out power for a week to a month in a fairly large area- This is fairly common, look at the recent event Texas last year or areas hit by hurricanes. During such times most infrastructure is very badly damaged including such things like roof top solar. If you have a grid tie solar system with battery backup and it is still intact hopefully you have an auto disconnect that didn't disconnect you from your panels. In that case you still have power but limited and you will likely be trying to conserve it so that you can ride things out. Also hopefully you have non electric means of cooking and creating potable water since if you don't you will burn through electricity fairly rapidly. Depending on the time of year and what your other utility providers use to keep their systems going you may or may not have running water or natural gas or may have it only for a while until they run out of fuel. Here in this situation cleanup and depending on weather survival becomes an important issue. Having a generator helps assuming it works as many people buy one and it sits there and rots so when they need it the fuel has varnished or it has rusted in place. While a concern is something grid operators have been dealing with for ages now and know what to do and how to recover. Recovery is limited by the available resources, man power, and ability to roll trucks.
2. A Carrington event. - Well here the grid will now be proactively shut down, we have solar monitoring satellites and will get enough warning to shut things down without too much damage. Some plants really don't like fast shutdowns and in such a situation will require a much longer startup time as there will be things that need fixing. The goal here is mostly to protect the transmission system since the loss of big transmission lines and big switch gear can cause lots of issues that take a long time to resolve if too much damage is done. The local distribution system will also be shut down since there won't be anything feeding it but damage there is a lot easier to deal with and takes less time as things are more standard. Here personally one would again want to disconnect as much as they can of their own stuff to protect it and make sure batteries and fuel are available for your stuff so you can recover and be in relative comfort. Then just ride it out and shoot some pictures with some nice dark skies and auroras to die for then process things when the regular power is back. I have been involved with planning for this type of event with my job as it is an actual concern.
3. Smoking hole in the ground - Let's look at the case where there is an attack that takes out one or more control centers for an
RTO or ISO. This is an interesting situation as we would immediately be at war as a nation and is something that I have looked at in detail. Here these types of operators do plan and practice for failure regularly. Single point of failure is avoid and redundancy is king. By redundancy think layers upon layers of redundancy as these are systems that actually do produce 5 nines of reliability (99.999% uptime). While single point of failure is what is mandated the systems are actually even more robust as eliminating every conceived single point of failure actually results in usually being able to survive many points of failure. Still this is very bad and continued attacks against multiple operators will cause massive problems. Even in such a case there is still the ability to manually control the grid it just requires lots of manual intervention and rolling lots of trucks. In this case once the main infrastructure is back up life is still going to really suck.
4. Cyber attack - This is much harder to carry out and would require Stuxnet type inflatration to harm the grid control portion. That isn't to say a cyber attack can't happen to billing and office machines as there have been reported cases where it has. There was a notable case where such an attack was carried out last year against the billing system of a pipeline operator which resulted in them shutting down the pipeline. So there the
control system was just fine but the company couldn't do billing correctly so they shut it down. Interestingly the power grid is one of the most heavily regulated things in the country with a
vast set of regulations regarding how to prevent and recover from such events that do not apply to other infrastructure. I am actually very involved with this aspect as I work with all concerned parties and with all aspects of this. Because of this I know that what is in the book Lights Out is just hype but won't go into more detail as that just makes attackers' jobs easier. Above is information that is publically available and known so it can be disclosed. In this case having your own backup system would work well but expect that if a successful attack happened it woudl be much like the same for the smoking hole in the ground scenario.
There are more cases but these seem to be the big ones that most people think of. Prolonged outages lasting many months will result in general societal issues and electric power won't be your only concern so don't worry about photography worry about food, water, and shelter. That isn't to say one should be prepared but it comes down to being reasonable with things. Personally I have a fair amount of storable food, not because I am a prepper but because I grew up poor and know the value of shelf stable food and how to can and preserve things so that I can buy in bulk or grow it, preserve it, and consume it over the next year. I also have a grid tie solar system (14Kw installed capacity) with battery backup (20Kwh of Iron-Nickle batteries) and auto grid disconnect so if the power goes out I'm good even in the winter for heat (ground source heat pump).
When talking battery backup for intermittent renewables lead-acid and even Li-Ion suck for long term durability as they do wear out. Iron-Nickle batteries while costing a bit more up front than Li-Ion have a much lower owner ship cost as they are basically indestructible and last decades with minimal maintenance. Li-Ion batteries do last longer than lead-acid ones but have a much higher upfront cost. Nickle-Iron batteries also don't really care about abuse and take it well including over charging, over discharging, constant charging, wild temp swings, etc. that also wreaks havoc on other batteries. Their main problem is that their energy density by weight or volume is worse than lead-acid or Li-Ion but for stationary situations doesn't matter much they also have a high internal resistance and higher self discharge rate which isn't bad if one can mostly be pumping power to them and the rest of your system continuously.
Unfortunately if there grid does crap itself I won't be someone who has to worry about persuing my photography hobby but instead will likely have to drive into my office and be basically camped out there until things are sorted out working tirelessly until it is fixed or until I pass out from exhaustion and then waking up to do it again.