This lens?
SMC Pentax-F 100-300mm F4.5-5.6 Reviews - F Zoom Lenses - Pentax Lens Reviews & Lens Database
It should work fine with your K-70 - when everything is set properly.
Have you read the manual? This can be somewhat daunting, but also very useful! Page 121 tells you what and how lenses are compatible with the K-70. If you have the lens reviewed above, do you have the aperture ring set in the A position? That is probably the best place to start until you get more familiar with your camera.
Is your camera set for autofocus or not? That can effect whether the shutter will fire. Look at p.61 in the manual. Are you getting a focus "beep"? (page 46)
What camera mode are you using: Auto, P, Sv, Tv or something else? Auto with the lens set to A and making sure the camera is set for autofocus should get you some pictures.
Do you have a data card in the camera? Nothing happens without that!!