With experience one recognizes when the exposure system will likely overexpose and we input an exposure compensation.**
But the more direct way is spot meter the brightest area and the set the exposure so it is OK--e.g., measure the brightest area and use an exposure level about 3 stops more exposure (you can fine tune this from results). But sometimes (e.g., reflected sunlight of water, etc.) we must ignore some areas--basically measure the brightest area we want to see some detail.
Oh--stevebrot discussed this also.
Also, use of raw in pp, can allow up to/about 1 stop overexposure to be fixed, often w/ good color accuracy.
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** BTW this is an area where the system that is supposed to fix it (Matrix metering) can be a problem as it has an incomplete/unclear set of rules, and it is hard to 2nd guess when and by how much. For this reason some of us don't use matrix metering, or don't use it when it was designed to be used.
Last edited by dms; 10-23-2020 at 01:47 PM.