The manual is rather cryptic on use of lenses where the aperture ring is required to set the f-stop. This includes all K and M series K-mount glass as well as all M42 lenses. A-series lenses should work fine in all exposure modes as long as the aperture ring is locked in the "A" position.
The short answer is that first you must enable the aperture ring in the custom menu:
menu --> C4 --> 24. Using Aperture Ring --> enabled
Unless this is done, the camera will not stop the lens down for exposure. The second point is that you must be in M, X, or B modes for stop-down to work. The third point is that in-camera metering must be done with the lens stopped down. This last may be accomplished in M mode only by use of the green button or optical DOF preview to stop the lens down to allow either automated or manual selection of appropriate shutter speed. Note that ISO is always manual in M mode.
There is a good starting place with links to detailed instructions at the page below:
https://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/58-troubleshooting-beginner-help/110658-...x-dslrs-f.html
There is also a second thread discussing some of the quirks of stop-down metering on Pentax dSLRs:
Stop-down metering, why it is a problem, and how to make it work - PentaxForums.com
Steve
Last edited by stevebrot; 12-02-2018 at 02:03 PM.
Reason: More better link