If you have to use a sync cable, it's actually a "cold shoe" that just holds the flash (or it's a "broken shoe"
). If the shoe contains a single center contact it's a proper "hot shoe" that should work with any basic flash.
Later in the development of cameras, different makers created proprietary hot shoe designs with multiple contacts for passing data from the flash to the camera (e.g., the model of the flash, current mode, and ready status) and data from the camera to the flash (e.g., mode settings, power-level adjustments, triggers for the preflash and main flash, etc.)