This was a very useful thread. Thanks to the explanations above, I was able to get the optics out of my Takumar-A TC quickly and with out any problems.
I took some pictures to help explain the very simple process.
First, this is what the optics assembly looks like. The optics screw into the TC. The ring to the left screws on to the optics assembly, using the same threads, and locks the assembly down to the teleconverter.
Sliding the assembly out.
You can see the notch where the scratch is. I used that to unscrew the optics assembly with a small screwdriver. I did not need to loosen the ring first, but the ring does have two small notches in case you would.
After removing the optics, the only defect I could see in the new extension tube was the spring that is attached to the stop-down indicator lever, no longer constrained by the optics assembly, will move out into the image path if the lens is set at anything other than A or its smallest aperture setting.
I did, however take one picture with my 50mm A lens set at 1.7 instead of A and I could not see any indication of the spring in the photo.
The optics below the spring are the optics of the 50mm lens.
Takumar-A "extension tube" with 50mm A f1.7 lens attached @ f16 (shot in Av with lens set to "A").
To compare, this is the same 50mm A f1.7 lens attached to a Vivitar 2X macro teleconverter at 1:1 focus (@ f16)
Just for fun, Takumar-A "extension tube" with DA* 50-135mm lens attached (@ f16).
The extension tube seems to work well and is significantly less cumbersome than the Vivitar macro TC. It seems "less is more" holds true for this teleconverter.