I use folders, eg Places, People (grouped by family name, and in the case of my son's family where I have grandchildren I have sub folders by year!!), Events, Holidays, Animals, Transport, etc
It gets tricky because of overlaps (holidays are always to places) and so each holidays is a sub-folder of Places. But then I go on holidays with my wife and sometimes with others!!
Decide on an overarching system that will suit you, and then use keywords or collections to further complicate the mess.
I suggest that you start off with small group of typical files and manipulate them until you are happy with the arrangement.
I keep the original file name as part of the processed file name (eg K5_12345 Mary Smith on horse) so I can easily find the original RAW file if the JPG gets corrupted or I want to reprocess it.
I keep the RAW files in a separate catalog, grouped within ranges of 1000, - 1-1000, 1001-2000 etc.