For bright day fill what I do is use flash off camera, but this would work with the flash on camera as long as the flash and camera are on manual control. I meter for correct ambient exposure without flash (the subject may be underexposed), I initially set shutter speed at 1/125th and adjust the aperture and/or ISO to get correct exposure. Then knowing the guide number of my flash I guesstimate my flash power setting. I shoot and see if the flash is under or over powered and correct. If the flash is underpowered and is at max power then I open up aperture and set shutter speed to max sync speed (1/180th) and/or drop the ISO. Your flash fill doesn't get affected by the shutter speed (the flash lasts less than the max sync speed) but rather the aperture and ISO.
So lets say for example I'm shooting a portrait, I meter the scene and my camera settings are at 1/125th f/11 ISO 200, and my flash is set at 1/2 power but is underpowered by 1.5 stops, I would push the flash to full power and open up the aperture half a stop. now the flash fill is correct, but I am half a stop over exposed on ambient so I speed up the shutter by half a stop (1/180th) to correct ambient without affecting flash fill.
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