Originally posted by Digitalis The reason I went for f/4 is due to the fact that the lightning would have been too dim at that aperture, and the artificial lighting would have dominated in this scene*. The further away the lightning storm is: the wider the aperture you have to use to capture the light from the bolts. I estimated the electrically active cell of the storm to be about 10-20km away, so that meant apertures of f/4 to f/2 would be needed**. From a certain perspective this image can be seen as a finely tuned balance between ambient light and flash (lightning) which as a studio photographer is the kind of thing I do on a regular basis. Though the colour spectra from the light sources in this image are polar opposites, so getting this image to look pleasing is no small feat.
*the shutter speed of 30s was also chosen as the most effective exposure interval - anything longer than that, and I would have had problems with balancing ambient light levels.
**if you are so close to a thunderstorm that you are using apertures of f/22 and smaller, you are running the risk of being reduced to a smouldering crater. I hope you have your affairs in order, It might also pay to have a video camera trained on you so your descendants can make money off the YouTube ad revenues.
I've done a lot with lightning, some of it is in my gallery, link at the bottom of my post. A lot of it was done in jpeg, so not a lot of chance of correction, only started using RAW exclusively for past 2 years. My best results (at night), are with ISO 200, f5.6 , 30 sec exposure. Only issue with 30 sec exposure is cloud blurring. Trying to capture individual strikes by reaction, as an earlier poster had, is extremely diificult. Compose, set focus/aperture and exposure, and just keep opening that shutter with the IR remote. if you do need to go the a smaller aperture, yes, it is probably getting too close
I've certainly been in that position, where you start getting blown out and have to stop down the aperture. This shot was the last one I got at the minesite where I previously worked--then I ran for shelter. It was out to f13 @ 20 secs for that one.