To make a useful test you need to make identically set up shots with and without the filters.
But I do use UV filters or clear filters on most of my lenses as protection. A good multicoated UV filter doesn't remove more light than if the lens would have had another glass element.
A polarizer is another thing. A UV filter is made to remove only UV light and as little as possible of the visible light. A polarizer can remove up to 50% of the light, and that should have some quality effects. I used polarizers a lot on slide film, but very rarely on digital. Most effects I wanted from the polarizer on slides (more blue sky, higher contrasts) I can tweak in post processing to my liking anyway. The remaining use is to remove reflections in windows etc, which you can't really do in post processing.
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