Hi Addison,
Looking at your post #3 neg of Portra 400, I wonder if that is a coating problem during the manufacture.
For your post #12 about removing bands, I can comment that I have used the parametric selection tools in Darktable,
in the "soften" gizmo.
Parametric selection allows a change confined to a range of RGB or, ( better maybe) HSL.
That allows us to, for example, reduce banding only in ranges of the blue sky, while leaving the main areas unchanged.
Here is a photo on home processed Fuji 160 , camera RB67, 50mm lens, scanned by the PrimeFilm 120Pro,
after correction using parametric selection, to reduce some banding artifacts in the sky:
https://app.box.com/s/qlyxwm9skjvkd8dtalbu50oavfp6vi8s