Originally posted by djam It is definitely on the inside of the lens, and it has no effect on IQ. I think I'll go with the suggestion of lens coating coming off.
I have a very similar looking thing in my 100mm f4 macro, though not as visible, and I am told by an experienced Pentax lens repairer that it is element separation, or particularly failure of the compound used to secure two elements of a group together. It's not an adhesive as such, apparently a balsam based material.
It is repairable, (at a cost that may make it not worth while), but means separating the two elements using heat, and then re-assembling, after cleaning in a really clean environment.
David