Bummer man!
Does the lens still work?
As for the hood, by all means try to gently force it up into its proper position, but cutting it off and replacing is a viable option if the lens is OK.
Try harder with the filter
As for the failure - the triangular split ring can have sharp edges at either end of the wire. I suspect repeated abrasion over such a surface caused the excessive wear and ultimate failure of your sling. I use the similar Peak Design system, and have removed the split rings and thread the quick release straight through the stubby rings on the body. It is a fiddle, but is probably less likely to cause abrasion on such a smooth surface.
I do back my sling up - especially the Black Rapid, which only has a single attachment at the tripod thread.
Lastly, I rarely have my hand off the camera or lens barrel when I'm using the sling. If the camera is going unused for long it goes back in the bag.
That said, nothing is totally fool proof. Fools (myself included) can be remarkably ingenious
This is how I minimise the risk: