Yes, these shims help calibrate focus. The assembler at the factory would have had a few thicknesses to choose from to get the lens correctly set up.
Without them, I think you'll find your lens focuses a bit past infinity. Also, some zooms have the focus adjustment on the front end, but the shims at the rear keep the whole lens unit ideally set up for best sharpness.
At least you have all three. Nothing more frustrating than finding you're one shim too short and can't figure out where it went to.