Originally posted by zeebanker 4. Astro (this is a stretch goal. Am happy shooting wide angle lenses wide open for this)
I assume that the Tak 135/2.5 is the bayonet takumar, and not the M42 mount one. I have the Bayonet Takumar 135/2.5 and got it recently to see how it does with astro. I've only used it once and haven't' done a extensive test with it but at first sniff it is pretty good for astro and for someone who would be just starting out it wouldn't be the limiting factor. As far as the old 200/3.5 takumar it is an excellent lens for astro and if I didn't already have a lens at the spot that is almost as good I would want it. I wrote up a detailed review of t
he Takumar 200/3.5 for astro here.
In looking at your other lenses the only other one I would consider for astro would be the M 50/1.4. The 50/1.4 (S-M-C or newer) is a good lens for wide field astro and you can get a lot of stars in the frame with it. You can fit all of Orion in the frame and most of the other constellations will fit in the frame too. While it isn't very good at f/1.4 as it will bloat starts, but run it at 2.8 and you will get some great results. I wouldn't bother with your zooms for astro.
On the wide/ultra wide end of things for astro you are lacking. Unfortunatly things will get expensive if you want reasonably good results with something wider than 35mm, but a 35mm lens would be a good cheap option. I have the DA AL 35/2.4 and it give acceptable results wide open at 2.4 and does really well at f/4. Your Pentax 28mm lenses won't do very well for astro, expect disappointment. Unfortunatly the really wide lenses didn't good for astro until recently and are expensive even used. Samyang/Rokinon has some cheaper options that if you get a good copy of produce good results for astro but even they aren't super cheap. I use the Laowa 12mm f/2.8 Zero-D lens and it is very good for astro but it isn't cheap by any measure.