Originally posted by AggieDad Alex - I have never had a Mac O.S. update affect the Finder's ability to read a camera SD card (or any card or disk for that matter).
Unfortunately, since I have never had any problems or issues, all I can do is describe what happens when everything works. I have no fixes for problems.
Among many hats that I wear, one is running a high school digital media lab with 24 iMacs. Recently when we updated from Mojave to Catalina, my two students shooting a K-70 (RAW DNG) could not see their files on Adobe Downloader or Bridge (this also affected some students with the Nikon D3500 and Canon SL3).
The fix was updating Camera Raw, Bridge, and Photoshop.
This may or may not have anything to do with the OP's problem, but from my experience, it's a possibility.
I've also had some glitches with my own laptop when I went from an Intel to the new Apple M1 chip. It could have also been the upgrade from Catalina to Big Sur. But in either case, the glitches have been fixed with updates using Adobe Creative Cloud.