Long ago and far away, when 35mm full-frame (35/FF) shooters used Plus-X and Tri-X and Kodachrome, before zooms and autofocus, those wanting to cover a range of situations might fill their bags with certain lenses. These can be approximated on contemporary APS-C cameras, with a 1.5 crop factor, like this:
35/FF APS-C usage
------- ------- --------
24mm 15-18 (very wide)
35mm 21-24 (somewhat wide)
50-55 35mm (longish normal)
90-105 70mm (slight tele portrait)
135mm 90mm (longer tele portrait)
In either format, shorter macro lenses (28-50mm) are good for studio work, while longer (90-105mm) are better in the field.
Some of those 35/FF focal lengths are expensive to approximate now, but many GOOD old reasonably fast manual lenses can be had for VERY decent prices. More on that below. Anyway, a good working kit that won't require robbing convenience stores might include:
21/3.5 (stopped down to f/5.6, it's great for daylight street scenes) OR
24/2.8 (somewhat wide) OR
28/2.8 (slightly wide 'normal')
35/2.8 (slightly long 'normal')
50/1.8 (or faster -- great short portrait and low-light lens) OR
58/2.0 (the Russian Helios-44 is another great portrait lens)
100/2.8 (macro version - long portrait, moderate tele) AND MAYBE
135/2.8 (reach out and grab someone)
Some of these are easily found in PK (Pentax bayonet) mounts, some in M42 screwmounts requiring adapters (and search these forums for the adapter arguments). Some Pentax glass is plentiful and not too costly, but some prices have spiked lately. Other (usually) good quality glass might be badged as Vivitar (sometimes iffy, sometimes great), Mamiya-Sekor (most often very good), Ricoh (but watch out for the infamous pin -- ask here before buying), Sears (made by Mamiya or Ricoh). And then there are the Russians -- except for Helios and Jupitar, ask here first. And read this:
Pentax Lens Review and Specification Database - Main Index and this:
https://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/pentax-lens-articles/59245-pawnshop-lense...ers-guide.html
Good cheap glass? See this thread:
https://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/pentax-slr-lens-discussion/50524-why-no-l...iya-sekor.html where (at the end) I note that, in the last 24 hours, a 'minty' 55/1.4 sold on eBay for US$51, and a couple of 50/2's did (and didn't) sell for around $10. TEN BUCKS!! I should also mention that you can buy cheap extension tubes for macro work, where fast lenses are irrelevant and a sturdy tripod is essential.
I won't try to tell you which lenses to buy. I'll just point out some types that many shooters have found most useful. Faster lenses give you more leeway in setting exposures. Slower lenses are often quite sharp. Kodachrome didn't have a lot of exposure latitude, nor did it forgive softness, so lenses of the 40s-70s were often crisp and clear. Before spending money, read everything you can on lens usage, and read the lens reviews. Have fun!