Both photos are taken with the same constant studio flash and as close as I could get with the same aperture diameter first I with the K5 16mm F2.8 aperture diameter of 5.71mm
D800 24mm F4 aperture diameter of 6.00mm
I also scaled the D800 to the K5 resolution
I stand corrected on the corner sharpness the D800 @24mm f4 is not as sharp as the K5 16mm 2.8 I had always felt it was better
As you can see with the D800 you are still able to pull detail out of the 24-85 VR so with the D600 itshouldn't have any problems