Originally posted by mee I look at BH for FE full frame lenses in the telephoto range... longest I see natively is a 100-400 f/4.5-5.6 that has a tripod collar on it... because its big.. and heavy.
Is it physically possible to reduce the size of lenses for mirrorless platforms or are we at the limits of physics?
I still see size as a valuable asset to APS-C sensored systems. A 55-300 reaches nicely on crop.. and can be made compact if not too fast. Favorable for walkaround shooting or long hikes.
I took delivery of a Tamron 100-400 today and while it is about a pound lighter than my Sigma 120-400 and a little narrower in diameter it is slightly longer and still fairly weighty (2 and a half pounds) even though it is the lightest of the 100ish-400 f/slow lenses. That is where I see crop having a nice asset.. but would be interesting if they could reduce it further for mirrorless somehow.
For long focal length lenses, physics is quite cruel. The size of the front element will alway be very large. In theory, smallest possible size for the front element is the focal length divided by the aperture (e.g., 400 f/5.6 is 400/5.6 = 71 mm). In practice, the front element will need to be a bit bigger than this to prevent vignetting in the corners.
The simplest long focal length lens are very long -- being the length of the focal length. That's totally independent of registration distance.
The actual term "telephoto" refers to a particular innovation in the design of long focal length lens that made them shorter than the labelled focal length. To get a short 400 f/5.6, you start with a 200 f2.8 (which also needs a 200/2.8 = 71 mm front element) and design a 2X teleconvertor on the back. That's the easiest way to describe it but, of course, the actual design is more complicated and more optimized. The result is a 400 mm lens built into maybe a 250 mm body length (including registration distance) and although the barrel is 150 mm shorter (and lighter), the front elements actually increase in weight (needing stronger-curved glass to more strongly refract the light to a 200 mm front) plus there's the teleconverter glass in the back.
Here, mirrorless might be able to help a bit by enabling a more compact design (say a 135 f/1.8 front with a 3X back). Such a lens would be shorter although it might not be much lighter because it needs even heavier glass elements.