The old (pre China) Vivitar 283's had trigger voltages up near 300v, and many were used on ME Supers and such without issue.
It's only when electronic triggering of flashes arrived (especially for supporting features like rear curtain sync) that high voltages would smoke the circuits.
The only exception to that I've seen over the years was on an old Polaroid passport camera that people would hook up to multiple flashes (front light, background light, typically). The very high trigger voltage would actually spot weld the flash contacts on the shutter together.
Those fairly crude cameras were easy to fix. Pop off the front cover, pry the flash contacts apart and polish the surfaces, then put it back together.
Never seen that happen on a 35mm SLR though. However, I did once see a Canon Rebel (film model) that would only open its shutter every other shot after it was hooked up to an old high-voltage Metz when it shouldn't have been. Great way to get 18 shots on a 36 exposure roll.